Comparing F. Douglass and B.T. Washington Essays - American Slaves

Comparing F. Douglass and B.T. Washington Compare the Different Views of slavery and the solution to overcoming prejudice presented in the two books written by F. Douglass and B.T. Washington. *********************************************************** Equality! During the late 19th century, there were many men begging for equality for all races in America. Many of these people wrote autobiographies, including Booker T. Washington and Frederick Douglass. Although these two men were aiming for the same goal in America, their opinions were extremely different. Frederick Douglass was born in approximately 1818. From the time where his mistress taught him to read, Frederick was not satisfied in being forced to work endlessly, for the reward of another man. He quickly became eager to run away at the first time that presented itself. Throughout his entire autobiography, Douglass shows the injustices that the black man was forced to suffer. The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass was published in 1845, almost 20 years before the official destruction of slavery. Even though Douglass eventually escaped from slavery, he describes the Southern white people in the book to be anti- Negroes. Which makes sense, considering some of the horrific people he was forced to obey. Unlike Douglass call for freedom and equality of the races, Booker T. Washingtons Up From Slavery is the optimistic views of obtaining the equality after being freed. Booker T. Washington was born in 1856. He was freed from slavery while he was younger than 10 years old. Although Washington started on the climb to a great education with next to nothing, he was very optimistic on his races chance to reach equality with the white people. Although he constantly felt the pressure of what failure would do to his race, he still believed that anyone would be rewarded with success, as long as they were honestly striving. Up from Slaverys ring is much more optimistic than the Autobiography of Frederick Douglass. But, it also has to be remembered that Washington lived in the Reconstruction Era, while Douglass lived in the Era of the Civil War and Awkward Peace. Both Booker T. Washington and Frederick Douglass were strong Negro leaders. Despite the fact that these men died 20 apart from each other, they lived completely different lives and their books express their very different views. Although their autobiographies have extremely different tones, they were striving for the same goal, equality.

Classical Authors Directory

Classical Authors Directory Classical Literature in English Translation | Index of Classical Authors Genres and Literary Terminology: Philosophy | Epic | Epigrams | Old Comedy | Roman Drama | Satire | Epistle | Terminology for Tragedy | Tragedy | Meter in Greek and Latin Poetry At some point in our prehistory people started telling stories to one another. Later, stories were composed in forms that others could repeat. Story-telling is easy to envision as the origin of some forms of literature, especially bardic ballads, novels, and plays. Even philosophy is an attempt to explain a story or truth about the world. Here is a quick look at how the genres of Greek and Latin literature evolved and many of the major contributors to the genres at least those whose works survive.After a quick review of the genres youll find an alphabetical list of the Greek and then the Roman writers. Philosophy Ancient thinkers wrote verse about what they observed in nature. Did that make them scientists? poets? Yes, but they are generally referred to as Presocratic Philosophers. Many aspects of culture were still without distinct form at this time, which was during the Archaic Age of Ancient Greece. Drama / Plays The origin of drama is mired in legend, but to the best of our information, drama seems to have arisen as part of religious worship. Today we divide plays into the categories of comedy and tragedy. TragedyThe word tragedy appears to come from the words for goat and song or ode.ChorusThe first element in Greek tragedy was the chorus, which danced and sang poetry created by the dramatist at the religious festivals.ActorsActors came later, with the great tragedians.ComedyComedy seems to have come from phallic processions followed by sacrifices, but we dont know. Its etymology appears to come from komos (connected with revels), plus the word for song. Poetry Epic PoetryThe man​ who is  credited with creating the epics we know of as the Iliad and Odyssey, (whom we refer to as Homer) was a rhapsode, a person who accompanied his improvised performances with a musical instrument. Epic poetry came to be distinguished by its distinct (epic) meter.Lyric PoetryLyric poetry, developed according to legend, by Terpander, was poetry accompanied by a lyre.EpigramsEpigrams were composed for funerals. It was an epigrammatist, Mimnermus of Smyrna, who is credited with developing the elegiac meter that was used for love poetry (elegies). Prose HistoryHistory, as developed by Herodotus, was a (prose) story about whatever Herodotus set his inquiring mind to.Ancient Historians TimelineSatireIn ancient Rome, satire was a recognized and somewhat defined literary verse genre. It was the only genre the Romans claimed as their own invention. Some early novels fell within the genre of (Menippean) satire.Epistle (main Roman writers)Epistles are linked with Satire, as in the work of Horace, but some epistle writers used the letter for for actual correspondence, so the style is quite varied. Here you will find some resources on this site related to Classical writers and the genres of Classical literature, specifically, timelines of the major Greek and Roman authors, articles about the writers and their genres that are on this site, and links to some of their writing, mostly in English. Timelines Latin WritersEarly Greek PoetsAncient Historians Women Writers Enheduanna (An Akkadian) | Korinna | Moero | Nossis | Sappho | Sulpicia Greek and Roman Writers of Drama - Comedy and Tragedy Aristophanes | Aeschylus | Euripides | Plautus | Seneca | Sophocles | Terence Roman Satire Verse Satire: Ennius | Horace | Juvenal | Persius | Petronius Satire Timeline | Atellan Farce | Fescennine Verse | Menippean Satire Classical Greek and Roman Writers ...and some of their works  mostly translated into English Greek Classical Writers A Aeschylus | Aeschylus Plays in English | Aeschylus ResourcesAesop Biography | Fables of AesopAlcaeusAnacreonAnyteArchilochusAristophanes | About the Individual Plays of Aristophanes | Aristophanes Plays in EnglishAristotle | Aristotle Texts in English B Bacchylides D Demosthenes | Demosthenes in EnglishDio (Cassius Dio) E Euripides | Euripides in English H HecataeusHerodotus | Herodotus in EnglishHesiod | Hesiod in EnglishHippocrates | Hippocrates in EnglishHomer | Homer in English I Isocrates in English K Korinna L Lysias | Lysias in English M Moero N Nossis P PindarPlato | Plato in EnglishPresocratic PhilosophersPlutarch | Plutarch in English S SapphoSemonides of AmorgasSophocles | Tragedies of Sophocles in EnglishStrabo in English T TerpanderThalesTheognisTheophrastusThucydides | Thucydides in English translation Xenophon | Xenophon in English Z Roman Classical Writers (Latin) Also see: A History of Roman Literature: From the Earliest Period to the Death of Marcus Aurelius, by Charles Thomas Cruttwell (1877) A Abelard - Text in LatinAlcuin Texts in LatinAmmianus Marcellinus Texts in LatinApuleius | Apuleius in EnglishAurelius, Marcus | Texts in EnglishAurelius Victor Texts in Latin B Bede English translation of LatinBoethius - Text in Latin and Translation into English C Caesar Civil and Gallic Wars in EnglishCassiodorus - Text in EnglishCato | Cato in EnglishCatullus​Cicero | Cicero texts in LatinClaudian in Latin D Donatus E Ennius | Ennius in LatinEpictetus | Epictetus in English H Horace | Horace in English J Julian | Julian in EnglishJuvenal L Livius Andronicus | LivyLucan | Lucan in English M Martial N Naevius O Ovid P Pacuvius | PersiusPetronius | Petronius in EnglishPlautusPliny the Elder | Pliny in EnglishPliny the Younger | Pliny in EnglishPropertius Q Quintilian S SallustSenecaStatiusSulpicia T Tacitus | Tacitus in EnglishTertullianTibullus V VarroVelleius PaterculusVergil (Virgil) | Vergil in English See: Online Texts in English Translation(Index of Authors and Translated E-texts)

Comparative Environmental Law on Oil Spills Essay

Comparative Environmental Law on Oil Spills - Essay Example Climatic changes and economic losses are a characteristic of many nations in the current global arena. Funny enough, these problems are directly congruent to environmental pollution reducible through proper laws, rules, regulations, and measures. The following discussion entails comparative environmental law on oil spills. This paper provides the history of oil pollution and control under international law, which have been in existence from the classical period to contemporary world. In addition, the paper also focuses on the BP Gulf and Exxon Valdez Oil spills. While discussing these two, these paper attempts to provide a synopsis, environmental impact, developed laws both federal and state, as well as lawsuit that resulted from the same. On a different perspective, the paper also identifies similarities and differences between the two main oil spills whilst trying to create an understanding of the various laws that came into play soon after the spills. The conclusion of this paper includes ending judgments, concluding laws and regulations, as well as the author’s personal opinion in regards to environmental laws helping in controlling oil pollution. Introduction on oil spills †¢ History of oil pollution liability and control under international law The US and many other European countries have fought oil pollution through enacting of regulations against the same since the 1800s. The worst oil spill ever experienced in the world history, Torrey Canyon spill in 1969 significantly enlightened the international community in enacting international liability regime against all oil pollution especially from oil spillages. It is surprising that despite the fact that US was a party in signing the CLC of the 1969, it was never involved in practicing the enacted policies. According to US, its decline to join the same was because CLC had inadequate damage liability hence enacting her own liability scheme, OPA in 1990. Ironically, many scholars had reservations against OPA of 1990 citing evidence of its inadequate damage liability caps that made US to decline being party to CLC (Read 129). Pre 1960’s oil pollution control Amongst the global nations, UK was the first ever to enact water pollution rules and legislations in 1814. The US followed suit 52 years later when they developed the Refuse Act of 1866. Refuse Act of 1866 aimed at prohibiting or controlling the act of discharging water pollutants into the New York Harbor. 33 years later, 1899 the US decided to expand the Refuse Act to include all navigable waters taking into considerations that its initial aim was to protect New York Harbor. Demand for oil increased considerably due to advancing technology, which called for greater energy needs especially in the beginning of the 20th century. Consequently, the world had to extract more oil to meet the increased energy needs. This led to increased oil pollution forcing the US in 1924 to develop Oil Pollution Act of 1924. The Oil Pollution Act of 1924 was to make it illegal for any individual to dump oil into all coastal waters within the United States of America. Moreover, 24 years later, US developed another legislation known as the Federal Water Pollution

The neurotransmittion pathology and thier malfuction due to cancer Research Paper

The neurotransmittion pathology and thier malfuction due to cancer - Research Paper Example Such disease as cancer can be the reason of various transmitter pathologies. The study of the Leipzig University showed that at least one of the three cancer patients in German hospitals also has neurotransmitter pathology. Cancer patients with the psyche abnormal are more likely to complain of pain and tend to suicide. ). Cancer also leads to decreased concentration ability, disruption of thinking, change in level of consciousness, disorientation, violation of perception, disorders of the sleep cycle, memory impairment, etc. Even schizophrenia can be provoked by cancer. Besides, these two diseases share common genetic roots. Thus, it is necessary to treat both physical and mental disorders simultaneously. Key words: cancer, mental disorder, neurotransmission pathologies, neurotransmitter, schizophrenia. For a long time the mental and physical health were treated separately from each other, that, according to the World Federation for Mental Health, was not beneficial to patients. Tha t is why the main theme of World Mental Health Day-2010 was the relationships between mental and physical conditions and their importance for providing the most effective patient care. According to the World Health Organization, more than 450 million people worldwide suffer from mental disorders. Approximately 121 million patients' mental disorders are accompanied by serious illnesses such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, etc. Sergei Tyulyandin, a head of clinical pharmacology and chemotherapy, the deputy director of Clinical Oncology Research Center in Moscow, reported that many cancer patients, as a result of special treatment, recover, they need not only social support, but professional help of psychologists and psychiatrists for their early return to normal work and social activities (WHO, 2010). Approximately half of cancer patients have the developing mental disorders. In descending order, these disorders are as follows: violation of adaptability, affective disorde rs, organic mental disorders, personality changes, fears. Each of these disorders can be treated under the influence of psychotherapy and / or psychopharmacological methods. â€Å"Neurotransmitters, as well as hormones, are primary messengers, but their release and the mechanism of action in chemical synapses are very different from those of hormones. In the presynaptic cell, vesicles, containing neurotransmitter, release it locally into the very small synaptic gap† (WHO, 2010). Drawback of any of the neurotransmitters can cause a variety of disorders, such as various types of depression. And such disease as cancer, especially its severe forms, can be the reason of transmitter pathologies (Tilan, & Kitlinska, 2010). The study of the Leipzig University, during which 689 patients with various tumors were surveyed, showed that at least one of the three cancer patients in German hospitals also has neurotransmission pathology. As it turned out, 32% of patients suffered from mental illness, 11.6% had several mental disorders. Most often it was depression. The patients perceived the diagnosis and chemotherapy seriously (Universitat Leipzig, 2007). Patients with the psyche abnormal are more likely to complain of pain. However, psychological factors are too often used to explain the pain that has no medical issues. Cancer patients have a moderately increased risk of suicide (mostly within 1 year after diagnosis). Risk factors include

Teaching Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Teaching Plan - Research Paper Example Nurse teachers need to develop a proper teaching plan that consisting of learner assessment, expected outcomes, appropriate teaching strategies, and applicable theory for the teaching interventions. Facts of the Case Rosemary celebrated her 27th birthday on June 12, 2013. Despite having attained this age, Rosemary has never visited a Voluntary Testing, and Counselling (VCT) centre to know her HIV status. There are several centres and hospitals in her hometown that test and advice people concerning their HIV status. Rosemary’s parents and workmates have made several unsuccessful attempts to encourage her to visit one of the centres to be tested since it is necessary for her if she wants to take good care of her health. Her fiance proposed marriage to her on condition that she accept to undergo the HIV testing first. Rosemary, however, did not agree. She argued that if the fiance does not trust her, then he can find another partner and go ahead to marriage. One of the reasons th at makes Rosemary to avoid testing her HIV status is that she fears to find out that she is positive; according to her, this would accelerate her death due to increased stress. Rosemary also fears that the doctors may reveal her HIV status test results, which will traumatize her in the face of her friends and relatives. Rosemary is undoubtedly aware that she was involved in a sexual relationship with a town businessman who died of HIV/AIDS approximately three years ago. Objectives of the Teaching Plan By the end of the teaching session, the learner will be able to: 1. Appreciate the necessity of undergoing the HIV test to know her status. 2. Understand how HIV/AIDS infections are spread, and the time that the virus takes to develop in the body of human beings. 3. Identify informed lifestyle choices and changes that will maintain health despite her HIV status. 4. Enlighten the learner about the significance of complying with the requirements of medication and nutrition. Assessment of the learner and Related Factors The learner in this case is Rosemary. Rosemary has developed a negative attitude towards HIV testing. Rosemary's beliefs that the doctors may reveal her HIV test results to her friends and family members, which may cause trauma and hatred. According to her, knowing or not knowing her HIV status does not make any difference because testing will not treat her if she is HIV positive. The factors that have led into this belief include intellectual limitations, inattention, lack of exposure to accurate information, and lack of motivation to learn. Most people do not understand the significance of knowing their HIV statuses because they do not have intellectual knowledge concerning the self-care. People who work in other fields such as industrial manufacturing, engineering, teaching and serving consultants are not informed about adversities associated with HIV/AIDS infections and the benefits of knowing their statuses during the early stages of infection ( Prater, 2011). Rosemary is a mature person who is about to get married. Rosemary is a qualified accountant and a bank manager in her hometown. Regardless of her intellect in the accounting field, Rosemary has limited intellectuality about the significance of going for a test to know her status of HIV. Inattention is another cause of failure to understand the health benefits of knowing one’s HIV status. Information about HIV/AIDS is one of the most common themes in the print

Defining Music From Music Theory

Defining Music From Music Theory The word music comes from the Greek mousikà ª (tekhnà ª) by way of the Latin musica. It is ultimately derived from mousa, the Greek word for muse. In ancient Greece, the word mousike was used to mean any of the arts or sciences governed by the Muses. Later, in Rome, ars musica embraced poetry as well as instrument-oriented music. In the European Middle Ages, musica was part of the mathematical, geometry, astronomy and musica. Other than that, many definitions of music implicitly hold that music is a communicative activity which conveys to the listener moods, emotions, thoughts, impressions, or philosophical, sexual, or political concepts or positions. Levi R. Bryant defines music not as a language, but as a marked-based, problem-solving method such as mathematics (Ashby 2004, 4).Because of its ability to communicate, music is sometimes described as the universal language. Yet the meaning of music is obviously culturally mediated. For example, in Western society, minor chords are of ten perceived as sad, an understanding other cultures rarely share. More precisely, music is the actualization of the possibility of any sound whatever to present to some human being a meaning which he experiences with his body-that is to say, with his mind, his feelings, his senses, his will, and his metabolism (Clifton 1983, 1). It is therefore a certain reciprocal relation established between a person, his behavior, and a sounding object (Clifton 1983, 10). Music, often an art/entertainment, is a total social fact whose definitions vary according to era and culture, according to Jean Molino (1975, 37). It is often contrasted with noise. According to musicologist Jean-Jacques Nattiez: The border between music and noise is always culturally defined-which implies that, even within a single society, this border does not always pass through the same place; in short, there is rarely a consensus. 2.1.1 Meaning of Music: A view from Music Theory Meaning of music is a vast issue that straddles many disciplines including those of philosophy, psychology, semiotics, linguistics and acoustic, and it seems that there is undying enthusiasm for exploring why and how music is meaningful to human beings, why it is such a powerful personal and social phenomenon: and why we use it as a therapeutic tool. (Colwyn Trevarthen, p.18, 2000) As music is meaningful for human beings, it can be relate to the music influence towards an individual. And in this particular research it is focus towards student lifestyle. Music is not only about influence to the people but it is also a therapy for people. Jean-Jaques Nattiez, the Canadian semiotician, opens his famous book, Music and Discourse (1990), with the following statement: This book is based upon a hypothesis that I shall immediately state: the musical is merely what we used to call the text; it is not merely a wholly composed of structures (I prefer in any case, to write of configurations). Rather, the work is also constituted by the procedures that have been endangered it (acts of composition), and the procedures to which it gives rise: acts of interpretation and perception. (p.ix) Music is made under certain procedures which mainly refer to the composition of the music itself, then followed by process to enhance the quality of the music itself. 2.2 Types of Music There are several type of music being exist in the world, however as listed below are mainly known or major type of music known by the people. 2.2.1 Hip Hop Hip Hop is the most popular form of music. Coinage of the term hip hop is often credited to Keith Cowboy, a rapper. Hip Hop is composed of rapping and DJing. The term rap is sometimes used synonymously with hip hop music, though it is also used to refer specifically to the practice of rapping, which is just one component of hip hop. Typically, hip hop music consists of one or more rappers who chant semi-autobiographic tales, often relating to a fictionalized counterpart, in an intensely rhythmic lyrical form, making abundant use of techniques like assosance, alliteration and rhyme. Though rap may be performed acapella, it is more common for the rapper to be accompanied by a DJ. Hip hop arose in New York City when DJs began isolating the percussion break from funk or disco songs. The role of the emcee (MC) arose to introduce the DJ and the music, and to keep the audience excited. By 1979, hip hop had become a commercially recorded music genre, and began to enter the American mainstream. It also began its spread across the world. In the 1990s, a form called gangsta rap became a major part of American music. The reason for hip hops rise was the decline of rock, funk, disco in the mid to late 70s. he 1980s saw intense diversification in hip hop, which developed into a more complex form. The simple tales of 1970s emcees were replaced by highly metaphoric lyrics rapping over complex, multi-layered beats. The first rap records were actually recorded by live musicians in the studio, with the rappers adding their vocals later. Aside from hip hops great popularity, the genre has had an impact on most varieties of popular music. There are performers that combine either hip hop beats or rapping with rock and roll, heavy metal, punk rock, jazz. Hip hop has hundreds of major international magazines devoted to it, most famously including The Source and Vibe. In its early years, BET (Black Entertainment Television) was almost the only television channel likely to play any hip hop music; now, several mainstream channels such as VH1 and MTV may play more hip hop music than any other style. 2.2 Rhythm Blues Rhythm and Blues also known as RB is a popular music genre combining jazz, gospel and blues influence. This kind of music is generally performed by the African American artists. This term was coined by the marketing team in the United States in 1947 by Jerry Wexler at Billboard magazine. In the 1970s, rhythm and blues was being used as a term to describe soul and funk. Blues is a vocal and instrumental form of music based on the use of the blue notes and a repetitive pattern that most often allows a 12-bar structure. It emerged in African-American communities. The blues influenced later American and Western popular music. It became a part of jazz, bluegrass, hip hop and pop songs. Rhythm is the variation of the length and accentuation of a series of sounds or other events. Rhythm involves patterns of duration that are phenomenally present in the music. It is most associated with music, dance and the majority of poetry. The study of rhythm, stress, and pitch in speech is called Prosody. 2.2.3 Jazz Jazz is the art of expression set to music. Jazz is said to be the fundamental rhythms of human life and mans contemporary reassessment of his traditional values. Volumes have been written on the origins of jazz based on black American life-styles. The early influences of tribal drums and the development of gospel, blues and field hollers seems to point out that jazz has to do with human survival and the expression of life. The meaning of jazz soon became a musical art form, whether under composition guidelines or improvisation, jazz reflected spontaneous melodic phrasing. Jazz developed in the latter part of the 19th century from black work songs, field shouts, sorrow songs, hymns, and spirituals whose harmonic, rhythmic, and melodic elements were predominantly African. Because of its spontaneous, emotional, and improvisational character, and because it is basically of black origin and association, jazz has to some extent not been accorded the degree of recognition it deserves. European audiences have often been more receptive to jazz, and thus many American jazz musicians have become expatriates. 2.2.4 Country music Any kind of Music is a form of art. Country music, the first half of billboards country and western music category, is a blend of popular musical forms originally found in the Southern United States.Many songs have been adapted to different country music styles. Few of the famous country style artists are Jim Reeves, Elvis Presley, Charlie Pride, Patsy Cline, Bob Williams; the most important instrument used in country music is the Guitar. The songs of Roy Rogers, Gene Autry, and the Sons of the Pioneers put the Western in Country and Western Music. Much of this music was written for and brought to the American public through the cowboy films of the 30s and 40s and were widely popular. 2.2.5 Rock Rock (also known as rock n roll) is a form of music that evolved in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Its roots lay mainly in rhythm and blues, country, folk, gospel, and jazz. The style quickly spread to the rest of the world and developed further, leading ultimately to modern rock music. And nowadays, rock is the dominant form of popular music in the world. The term rock and roll now covers at least two different meanings, both in common usage. The American Heritage Dictionary and the Merriam-Webster Dictionary both define rock and roll as synonymous with rock music. Conversely, Allwords.com defines the term to refer specifically to the music of the 1950s. For the purpose of differentiation, this article uses the latter definition, while the broader musical genre is discussed in the rock music article. Classic rock and roll is usually played with one or two electric guitars (one lead, one rhythm), a string bass or (after the mid-1950s) an electric bass guitar, and a drum kit. In the earliest rock and roll styles of the late 1940s and early 1950s, either the piano or saxophone was often the lead instrument, but these were generally replaced or supplemented by guitar in the middle to late 1950s. The beat is essentially a boogie woogie blues rhythm with an accentuated backbeat, the latter almost always provided by a snare drum. The massive popularity and eventual worldwide view of rock and roll gave it a unique social impact. Far beyond simply a musical style, rock and roll, as seen in movies and in the new medium of television, influenced lifestyles, fashion, attitudes, and language. It went on to spawn various sub-genres, often without the initially characteristic backbeat, that are now more commonly called simply rock music or rock. 2.3 How music can influence students life style. Rock is another type of music that had been criticized often by the media. They say that rock like bands like KoRn and Limp Bizkit give kids negative thoughts and make teens nowadays act out in violence. This however is not true. The only way rock influences teenagers in on what they wear. Kids that wear baggy pants, large shirts, and long necklaces with five inch pendants usually listen to rap. Teens that wear wide leg pants and torn up clothes usually affected from listen to alternative music. Lastly, teenagers who have pierced tongues, blue hair, and wear tight leather pants most likely will listen to rock music. Because rock had influences teens on what to wear, that does not mean that the kids will be violent. Large clothes and pierced tongues are only ways to express oneself (Smith 2). Smith obviously agrees and that the type of clothes does not make a decent teen turn bad. 2.4 The important of music among the students. Music is important to most teenagers. It is a way to get away from all of lives problems. Music can gives teenagers a different way to think than the normal way to think. KoRn is one of the bands. Parents believe they are a bad influence on their children, but they only say that because they do not want to blame themselves for being bad parents and not being able to raise their child right. Teenagers seek music as an outlet from problems in life, yet the media and parents believe that rap and rock music is to blame for teenagers problems. Rap is being blamed for the murders and crimes in cities all over America. Rock is being blamed for giving teens evil thoughts mixed with hate. Rap lyrics are about the rappers societies problems. So if person does not like the lyrics, change the suburbs in large cities to make the lyrics better. A rock lyric is all about the soul. Lyrics from rock music are deeper than any other type of music out today. That is why the music is widespread. Music is the universal language, and that is why all music is important to someone. Music also played an important role in learning and the communication of culture. We often use music to define our beliefs and convictions and are attracted to music which affirms and supports these beliefs and convictions (Michael Rich 3). Childrens television has used the combination of words, music and animation to promote learning for many years. Most parents seem to be concerned about what their young children hear and see, but tend to pay less attention to the unending media exposure that their children are confronted with daily as they grow older, especially music videos. According to the National Institute on Media and the Family, music videos are the media of choice for many adolescents and they spend between three and four hours per day listening to music which includes radio, CDs and music videos. Music helps adolescents define important social and interpersonal behaviors and can have impact on a teenagers attitudes, beliefs and judgments. It affirms and confirms a teenagers struggles, joys, sorrows, fears and fantasies (Michael Rich 3). Music is often a major part of a teenagers separate world and it is common for them to get pleasure in keeping adults out or causing adults some distress with their choices. However, they dont seem to be aware that music videos can have an influence on what they wear, how they act and what they think. Teenagers, in particular, look to media images for standards of dress, hairstyle, behavior and cultural practices (Burns Martinez 1). Musical intelligence is a way to awaken and stimulate memory and learning. Music is an effective memory aid (Anton, 1990). Students seem to enjoy music and it helps them relax and become more receptive to language learning. Anton also further points out that music combine the right hemisphere of the brain with the left hemisphere. The right side deals with creative activities,non-verbal and emotional processes while the left side governs specific verbal and logic-based learning. While, music also helps lot in students academic performance. Music is a subject to be studied and appreciated as a separate skill, it can also be used as a means for acquiring other knowledge (Lazear, 1991). Singing can build students confidence by allow them to enjoy a degree of fluency in English before they have achieved it in speaking (Zatorre, 2000). Also, songs can be incorporated to all language skills (listening, reading, writing and speaking). Using music in the classroom has its own beneficial purposes. Singing helps students to improve their pronunciation and stress (Wilcox, 1995). Students would feel happy as memory is generally associated with an emotion. Music can help them to learn structures and expressions far more complicated than they could learn through a grammar lesson which only involve verbal skills. Often not, students are able to improve their listening skills where words often rhyme or are repeated. They also may be able to remember what they have learned, and are able to call upon the material when needed as they begin to produce language (Newham, 1995). Using music may also break the monotomy of the lesson where usually people have a 20 minute attention span and after the songs, students become more alert. With higher-level students, using very soft rainforest music helps their concentration and music without words is good for relaxation (Lozanov, 1978). Generally, listening to music in class requires engaged attention and in turn, both reflection and for the development of imaginative responses to what students hear and read (Dvorak, 1984). 2.5 Future of Music From one point of view, the present age offers a moment of exceptional musical excitement and opportunity. With so many technical and stylistic alternatives at hand, plus a constant stream of technological advances opening up ever new areas of exploration , todays composers would seem free to follow their imaginations at will, to the outermost reaches of what is musically possible. (Morgan Robert P., p488) Music can be said to express the general spirit of an age, moreover, it cannot be expected to a mirror of consensus that does not exist elsewhere. At least until there is a profound shift of contemporary consciousness; it seems likely that music will retain its present pluralistic and uncentered quality. For music to change the world will have to change. In a more specific view, music will change following the trend by its users. Thus, each type of music actually represent certain level age of an individual, whereby different age of person may have different taste of music.

Theories of Psychology Essay -- Psychology

1. Theories of Multiple Intelligences: Howard Gardner proposed the theory of multiple intelligences in his book, "Frames of Mind" in 1983 (Smith, 2006). Initially, Gardner spoke of seven intelligences and later added two. The first two are considered fundamental and most revered in the public school system, they are Linguistic intelligence and Logical-Mathematic intelligence. Linguistic intelligence includes the capability to use, speak and learn languages and words. Logical-Mathematic intelligence is the skill of working proficiently with numbers. Musical intelligence is the ability of performing, recognizing, and writing music. Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence is utilizing the mind and the body together to solve problems. Visual-Spatial intelligence recognizes patterns of space. Interpersonal intelligence is the ability of understanding people. Intrapersonal is the ability to understand self. The final two that Gardner added in 1999 are, Naturalist, the ability to observe patterns in the way things are organized and Exi stentialist, the ability to understand spiritual and philosophical issues. Gardner also claims ?intelligences rarely operate independently?. (Smith, 2006) Interpersonal intelligence applies best to me because I am a very good listener and I have the ability to identify and respond accordingly to various moods and temperaments. I am often referred to as the peacekeeper or mediator. The feelings of others are foremost in my thoughts and actions. I enjoy contributing to others personal development and well-being. (Smith, 2006) 2. Problem solving: Algorithm is a systematic approach such as formulas used in math. (Roberts, 2006) Representative Heuristics or a rule of thumb is when information matches prev... ...al and half environmental. Our environment was always a happy go lucky one, I never heard my parents argue or raise their voices to each other and I think that played a huge role in the way that I have viewed life and dealt with different situations over the years. (Roberts, 2006) Reference: American Heart Association., (2008). retrieved April 26, 2008 from: http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4545 Smith, Mark., (2006). Howard gardner, multiple intelligences and education, introduction to psychology (pp.120-126). Kaplan University. United States, Copley. Roberts, Melinda Ph.D., (2006). Personality, introduction to psychology (ch.11). Kaplan University. United States, Copley. Roberts, Melinda Ph.D., (2006). Thinking and intelligence, introduction to psychology (ch.10). Kaplan University. United States, Copley

Crime patterns Essay

Short Answer Questions: 1) What do sociologists mean when they describe deviance as being relative? Provide an example of a deviant behavior and identify how it is relative. Deviance is relative because of a number of factors. These factors include: location, age, social status, and individual societies that do not conform to social norms. Deviance deals with situations in everyday life and that is what makes deviance relative to sociologists. An example of this type of behavior is â€Å"A person speaking loudly during a church service would probably be considered deviant, whereas a person speaking loudly at a party would not. Society generally regards taking the life of another person to be a deviant act, but during wartime, killing another person is not considered deviant† (Sparknotes.com, 2014). This is relative because it is relating to the persons involved in the situation and their surroundings. 2) What are deviant places, and how are they associated with deviant acts? Deviant places are places that sustain deviant acts. These could be old buildings, poverty-stricken neighborhoods, or largely-populated areas. These places create certain stresses and could cause these behaviors. For example areas with a lot of poverty are usually areas with the highest crime rate. This stress leads to stealing, drugs, etc. , 3) Sociologists detail the importance of contextual and social patterns for deviant acts such as abuse, murder, and rape. Choose from abuse, murder, and rape, and then detail an important social pattern or variation. 4) Compare and contrast two different types of suicide, providing an example of each. Essay: What are the fundamental differences between the biological, psychological, and sociological theories of deviance? Choose a sociological theory from your readings and provide a summary of its important ideas and concepts. Then choose a deviant act and utilize the theory to explain why people engage in such behaviors.

Recent Legal History of the Death Penalty in America

Recent Legal History of the Death Penalty in America While capital punishment – the death penalty – has been an integral part of the American judicial system since the colonial period, when a person could be executed for offenses like witchcraft or stealing grapes, the modern history of American execution has been shaped largely by political reaction to public opinion. According to data on capital punishment collected by the federal government’s Bureau of Justice Statistics, a total of 1,394 people were executed under sentences handed down by federal and state civilian courts from 1997 to 2014. However, there have been extended periods in recent history during which punitive death took a holiday. Voluntary Moratorium: 1967-1972 While all but 10 states allowed the death penalty in the late 1960s, and an average of 130 executions per year were being carried out, public opinion turned sharply against the death penalty. Several other nations had dropped the death penalty by the early 1960s and legal authorities in the U.S. were starting to question whether or not executions represented cruel and unusual punishments under the Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Public support for the death penalty reached its lowest point in 1966, when a Gallup poll showed only 42% of Americans approved of the practice. Between 1967 and 1972, the U.S. observed what amounted to a voluntary moratorium on executions as the U.S. Supreme Court wrestled with the issue. In several cases not directly testing its constitutionality, the Supreme Court modified the application and administration of the death penalty. The most significant of these cases dealt with juries in capital cases. In a 1971 case, the Supreme Court upheld the unrestricted right of juries to both determine guilt or innocence of the accused and to impose the death penalty in a single trial. Supreme Court Overturns Most Death Penalty Laws In the 1972 case of Furman v. Georgia, the Supreme Court issued a 5-4 decision effectively striking down most federal and state death penalty laws finding them arbitrary and capricious. The court held that the death penalty laws, as written, violated the cruel and unusual punishment provision of the Eighth Amendment and the due process guarantees of the Fourteenth Amendment. As a result of Furman v. Georgia, more than 600 prisoners who had been sentenced to death between 1967 and 1972 had their death sentences commuted. Â   Supreme Court Upholds New Death Penalty Laws The Supreme Courts decision in Furman v. Georgia did not rule the death penalty itself to be unconstitutional, only the specific laws by which it was applied. Thus, the states quickly began to write new death penalty laws designed to comply with the courts ruling. The first of the new death penalty laws created by the states of Texas, Florida and Georgia gave the courts wider discretion in applying the death penalty for specific crimes and provided for the current bifurcated trial system, in which a first trial determines guilt or innocence and a second trial determines punishment. The Texas and Georgia laws allowed the jury to decide punishment, while Floridas law left the punishment up to the trial judge. In five related cases, the Supreme Court upheld various aspects of the new death penalty laws. These cases were: Gregg v. Georgia, 428 U.S. 153 (1976)Jurek v. Texas, 428 U.S. 262 (1976)Proffitt v. Florida, 428 U.S. 242 (1976)Woodson v. North Carolina, 428 U.S. 280 (1976)Roberts v. Louisiana, 428 U.S. 325 (1976) As a result of these decisions, 21 states threw out their old mandatory death penalty laws and hundreds of death row prisoners had their sentences changed to life in prison. Execution Resumes On January 17, 1977, convicted murderer Gary Gilmore told a Utah firing squad, Lets do it! and became the first prisoner since 1976 executed under the new death penalty laws. A total of 85 prisoners - 83 men and two women - in 14 U.S. states were executed during 2000. Current Status of the Death Penalty As of January 1, 2015, the death penalty was legal in 31 states: Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, and Wyoming. Nineteen states and the District of Columbia have abolished the death penalty: Alaska, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia, and Wisconsin. Between the reinstatement of the death penalty in 1976 and 2015, executions have been carried out in thirty-four states. From 1997 to 2014, Texas led all death penalty-legal states, carrying out a total of 518 executions, far ahead of Oklahoma’s 111, Virginia’s 110, and Florida’s 89. Detailed statistics on executions and capital punishment can be found on the Bureau of Justice Statistics’ Capital Punishment website.

Free Essays on Feminist Hypocrites

, from a song by Fiona Apple, describe the current turn of the feminist movement. Feminism is a term that has been taken very lightly, and often adopted by women because the feminist movement is â€Å"cool†. The current feminist movement, if it could even be called that, centers mainly around sexual acts, rather than â€Å"real† issues that every woman should be concerned about. I believe that all current feminists need to thoroughly examine their reasons for calling themselves feminists and that the movement needs to return to the old adages of feminism, or women will continue to be degraded, and it will come from within rather than from men. Feminists seem to be routinely correcting themselves and do not have a unanimous voice. The essay â€Å"Hypocritics†, published in The New Republic, and written by Peter Beinart, uses an article by Noemie Emery to make his point that feminists are resoundly â€Å"confusing consensual and nonconsensual sex† and  "portraying women as sexual victims†. Ms. Emery writes, â€Å"the feminists stand exposed as a partisan pressure group, which is not what they said they were. They said they were a universal moral movement acting on behalf of all women. They claimed, very loudly, that harassment was an outrage and a horror. But, as it turns out, they are for women selectively, and against harassment only now and then.† Beinart attacks feminists as hypocritical with regard to the Clinton cases for not â€Å"rallying to Jones’s and Willey’s defense when there is evidence that Clinton made a pass at them† and accuses conservatives of also being hypocritical for â€Å"not rallying to the president’s defense when there is no evidence that he punished either woman for resisting?† This is only one of the many problems that that old guard feminists see. Just as the media played a huge role in convicting... Free Essays on Feminist Hypocrites Free Essays on Feminist Hypocrites Feminist Hypocrites â€Å"It’s a sad sad world, when a girl will break a boy just because she can.† These words, from a song by Fiona Apple, describe the current turn of the feminist movement. Feminism is a term that has been taken very lightly, and often adopted by women because the feminist movement is â€Å"cool†. The current feminist movement, if it could even be called that, centers mainly around sexual acts, rather than â€Å"real† issues that every woman should be concerned about. I believe that all current feminists need to thoroughly examine their reasons for calling themselves feminists and that the movement needs to return to the old adages of feminism, or women will continue to be degraded, and it will come from within rather than from men. Feminists seem to be routinely correcting themselves and do not have a unanimous voice. The essay â€Å"Hypocritics†, published in The New Republic, and written by Peter Beinart, uses an article by No emie Emery to make his point that feminists are resoundly â€Å"confusing consensual and nonconsensual sex† and â€Å"portraying women as sexual victims†. Ms. Emery writes, â€Å"the feminists stand exposed as a partisan pressure group, which is not what they said they were. They said they were a universal moral movement acting on behalf of all women. They claimed, very loudly, that harassment was an outrage and a horror. But, as it turns out, they are for women selectively, and against harassment only now and then.† Beinart attacks feminists as hypocritical with regard to the Clinton cases for not â€Å"rallying to Jones’s and Willey’s defense when there is evidence that Clinton made a pass at them† and accuses conservatives of also being hypocritical for â€Å"not rallying to the president’s defense when there is no evidence that he punished either woman for resisting?† This is only one of the many problems that that old guar d feminists see. Just as the media played a huge role in convicting...

Information and communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Information and communication - Essay Example Within the last decade or so, the students are fast adapting to the different means and ways coming directly under the plagiarism circles. [Author Unknown, 2005] The people who are caught plagiarizing often give pretty stupid excuses but it is a reality that they do out of sheer timidity on their part. They are just not ready to surrender and commit themselves wholeheartedly towards a task, job or doing it in the most original manner that there could be. [Amodeo, 2005] Plagiarism has also increased due to the technological advancements happening almost on a daily basis. There are shortcuts available for plagiarizing text material from the Internet and almost anyone ca use these technological gadgets to suit their own motives. Students particularly use the Internet to copy-paste the material off the websites which have similar evidence of texts as well as take help from students who have already completed such assignments in the past. [Jonassen, 2004] This is a sheer form of plagiarism in the truest sense of the word and there is no exception to this rule all said and done. Another reason as to why people commit plagiarism is that they find it pretty easy to do and they believe they could run freely as no one is going to catch them and their work. Internet has become one of the major hurdles towards doing work in an original and authentic manner. A number of students worldwide resort to the sin of plagiarism courtesy the Internet and this has been going on for the last decade or so in the most blatant manner possible. Plagiarism proves to be a destructive force as far as their education and academics are concerned but somehow or the other they are just not ready to accept this notion. They believe that if work could be done quickly and without hassles, then what is the need of researching and going in depth? One more reason that could be credited on the shoulders of plagiarism is

Customer Service-Dealing with an Angry Customer-discussion Personal Statement

Customer Service-Dealing with an Angry Customer-discussion - Personal Statement Example nt’s view understood, I would then empathize with them, and respectively and understandingly show them that they did not deserve the unpleasant experience. An apology at this point would then show I was genuinely sorry I was that the issue happened, own the issue, and offer to make things right for this customer. I would then offer a solution to the customer’s problem by requesting to know what they believe should be done or offer a fair and realistic solution in a manner that provides satisfaction to the customer. Additionally, I would confidently detail an effort to demonstrate that such a problem would not occur with other customers by seeking for long-lived corrective measures and guarantee the customer that in the event of another issue, there will be someone ready to assist as a way of showing company value for them. Immediately after resolving the situation, I would take time-out for have a snack or tea, since this is a stressful situation despite the fact that I handled it professionally, in preparation for further engagement with